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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavors. The flavor and aroma of coffee can be affected by the conditions under the conditions in which it grows and the processing methods used.

The word 'coffee' actually originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees, which can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor, body and acidity of coffee. It is usually used to create an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean grown in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's some robusta as well.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, most do combine both varieties to lower costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select a high quality bean from a reliable source. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often added to other types of light roast coffee beans beans to give them a more rounded, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal to grow at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once thought to be a separate species, but is now classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and are found on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends made at home. They have a milder aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular kind of coffee beans Types (historydb.date) beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. The coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious flavor. They are often blended to provide extra body and a delicious tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates and high altitudes. They also have a bit of acidity. If properly brewed and roasted, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee around the world. It accounts for about 40% of all coffee consumed worldwide. These beans are smaller and more round but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody taste.

After having a better understanding of the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to select the best brew. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste opt for an arabica, or a blend consisting of robusta and arabica beans.